Jump to content

Goddard College

Coordinates: 44°16′44″N 72°26′22″W / 44.2789°N 72.4394°W / 44.2789; -72.4394
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Goddard College
Former names
Green Mountain Central Institute & Goddard Seminary
TypePrivate online college
Active1863; 162 years ago (1863)–June 2024
PresidentDan Hocoy[1]
Academic staff
64
Administrative staff
50
Students220 (Spring 2024)
Undergraduates112
Postgraduates208
Location
Plainfield
,
Vermont
,
United States

44°16′44″N 72°26′22″W / 44.2789°N 72.4394°W / 44.2789; -72.4394
CampusRural 175 acres (71 ha)
ColorsBlue and white
Websitegoddard.edu
Goddard College's Greatwood Campus in Plainfield, Vermont

Goddard College was a private college with three locations in the United States: Plainfield, Vermont; Port Townsend, Washington; and Seattle.[2] The college offered undergraduate and graduate degree programs. With predecessor institutions dating to 1863, Goddard College was founded in 1938 as an experimental and non-traditional educational institution based on the idea that experience and education are intricately linked.[3]

For many years, Goddard College provided a mix of residential, low-residency, and distance-learning programs. Its intensive low-residency model was first developed for its MFA in Creative Writing Program in 1963.

In April 2024, Goddard announced that the college would close at the end of the spring semester, due to financial issues and a decline in enrollment.[4] The college was accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education.

History

[edit]

Goddard College began in 1863 in Barre, Vermont, northeast of Middlebury as the Green Mountain Central Institute. In 1870, it was renamed Goddard Seminary in honor of Thomas A. Goddard [Wikidata] (1811–1868) and his wife Mary (1816–1889).[5] Goddard was a prominent merchant in Boston, and was one of the school's earliest and most generous benefactors.[5]

Founded by Universalists, Goddard Seminary was originally a four-year preparatory high school, primarily affiliated with Tufts College in eastern Massachusetts. For many years the seminary prospered. Many public high schools opening in the 20th century made many of the private New England academies obsolete. Attempting to save it, the trustees added a Junior College to the seminary in 1935, with a seminary graduate, Royce S. "Tim" Pitkin, as president.[6]

Royce S. "Tim" Pitkin, president of Goddard College for 31 years

In 1936, under his leadership, the seminary concluded that for Goddard to survive, an entirely new institution would need to be created. Many educators and laymen agreed with him. Pitkin was supported by Stanley C. Wilson, former governor of Vermont and chairman of the Goddard Seminary Board of Trustees; Senators George Aiken and Ralph Flanders; and Dorothy Canfield Fisher.[7] Pitkin persuaded the board of trustees to embrace a new style of education, one substituting individual attention, democracy, and informality for the traditionally austere and autocratic educational model. On March 13, 1938, Goddard College was chartered. In July 1938 the newly formed Goddard College moved to Greatwood Farm in Plainfield, Vermont.

The new Goddard was an experimental and progressive college. For its first 21 years of operation, Goddard was unaccredited and small, but it built a reputation as one of the most innovative colleges in the country.[8] Especially noteworthy was Goddard's use of discussion as the basic method in classroom teaching; its emphasis on the whole lives of students in determining personal curricula; its incorporation of practical work into the life of every student; and its development of the college as a self-governing learning community in which everyone had a voice.[9]

In 1959 Goddard College was accredited. One of the founding principles of Goddard was to provide educational opportunities for adults.[10] There was a great need for a program for adults who had not completed college, to obtain degrees without disrupting their family lives or careers. The Adult Degree Program (ADP), created by Evalyn Bates, was established in 1963. It was the first low-residency adult education program in the country.[3] Over the years many experimental programs were designed at Goddard. The programs included the Goddard Experimental Program for Further Education, Design Build Program, Goddard Cambridge Program for Social Change, Third World Studies Program, Institute for Social Ecology, Single Parent Program and many others.

Based on its use of narrative transcripts instead of traditional letter grades, as well as learner-designed curricula, Goddard was among the founding members of the Union for Experimenting Colleges and Universities. In 2002, after 54 years, the college terminated its residential undergraduate degree program and became an exclusively low-residency college. In 2005, the college expanded to the West Coast and established a residency site in Port Townsend, Washington. In July 2011 Goddard began to offer their non-licensure education program in Seattle.

Goddard was placed on probation in 2018 by the New England Commission of Higher Education (NECHE) because of a perceived "[lack of] stability of executive leadership" and concerns about the college's financial resources.[11][12][13] The probation was lifted in 2020 after the college satisfied the commission that it had rectified those issues.[14] In January 2024, Goddard announced that it would temporarily end its low-residency programs in favor of online learning.[15]

Goddard College closed at the end of the spring semester in 2024, due to sustained mismanagement by the president and board, which retained ties to for-profit firms. According to Higher Ed Dive, “Even by mid-May, the college’s president, Dan Hocoy, hadn’t communicated directly with faculty about the shuttering, Muller and other faculty noted.” Faculty and staff had not been forewarned and therefore had to communicate the sudden closure to a higher-than-usual influx of new admits. The board ulimately faulted, contrary to this (though noting a general trend at liberal arts schools) “declining enrollment”. The union president for faculty and staff assessed that the decision to close was “financially conservative”. Staff and faculty noted that the board had impeded income-generating initiatives for years prior to closure:”Over the decades, faculty have clashed with various incarnations of Goddard’s board and administration. Among other issues, the last several years have brought painful labor disputes, including a strike by unionized staff in 2023.”[16] Propublica filings note Hocoy’s 6-figure salary.[17] “With the arrival of Hocoy in mid-2021 came a state of deep alienation and mistrust between administration and nearly all other campus stakeholder groups”, Higher Ed Dive notes, citing interviews with faculty and staff.[18] One commentator in VT Biz wrote: “Co-chair of the union, H. “Herukhuti” Sharif Williams, says, “The Hocoy-Willingham-Toure team are the latest pair of micromanaging, top-down authoritarians with more of a commitment to turning Goddard into a school for Jeff Bezos than to the workers who successfully organized to protect their working conditions against him.

The Representative Council of the Goddard College Faculty Union has recently voted no confidence in Goddard College’s current provost search process due to the Dan Hocoy Administration’s refusal to put into place measures to ensure that the search process won’t result in the same issues that have plagued previous administrations with filling the position of chief academic officer as well as other senior leadership roles.

According to Williams, the current board is made up of people who were perceived to have the capacity to bring much needed resources to the College, like Bernard Luskin, Mike Cairns, and Phyllis Worthy Dawkins, but instead of being rainmakers they have only reinforced conservative ideas and respectability politics to institution, which has a 75-year old history of radical, disruptive, and transformative ideas that have contributed to education. Goddard College invented the low residency model in higher education decades ago–even before the internet and online education existed. In 2020, at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, most colleges and universities had to quickly adopt the ideas Goddard created 50 years ago to respond to the needs of students and faculty to work effectively at a distance."[19]


At Antioch University Seattle, Hocoy served as president but was reassigned when the university eliminated the jobs of five campus presidents in 2016, a move that affected institutional leadership and stability. He was retained as associate vice chancellor of institutional advancement, rather than continuing as campus president. At Erie Community College (SUNY system), during Hocoy's tenure as president, he was criticized for giving naming rights of a common area to Citibank in exchange for a $200,000 donation, which some saw as "selling the soul" of the campus to a for-profit company. This action was cited by critics as indicative of a corporate approach to college governance. At Metropolitan Community College, Hocoy held the title of vice chancellor and was president of just one of its five campuses, though he was accused of misrepresenting his role as president and vice chancellor of the entire college in his application materials for subsequent positions. This alleged misrepresentation was a point of contention during his hiring process at Goddard College. At Goddard College, Hocoy's leadership style was described as corporate and capitalistic, and he was accused of unilateral decision-making, a lack of transparency, and failing to uphold the college's tradition of shared governance and consensus. Faculty and alumni cited a "breakdown of communication" and noted that he was seldom seen on campus or at student events. The alumni association issued a vote of no confidence in Hocoy, and the board responded with a cease-and-desist letter, escalating tensions.[20][21]

Of the board members and presidents in recent years, Gloria Willingham Toure, and Lucinda Garthwaite was noted for advocacy in recruiting new members, including those she had worked with in the past. Willingham-Touré left a prior position suddenly. The Board gained several more individuals from Fielding, where she had worked as Senior Vice President. Willingham-Touré said the Goddard learning community should not be “digging into how we operate the college itself.”

As Garthewaite reflected, “They're right, the dirty water does have to go. The new problems start when the gem, carved as it was from the mission itself, goes with it. Tossing the dirty water is generally conceived as a strategic decision. When that decision is influenced by external pressures, the new strategy can begin to align more closely with the external status quo than with the unique mission and character of the organization. Then things get even cloudier than they were before."[22] 

During previous school closures, a Goddard dean had been assigned as a director at Apollo Education (formerly Career Education Corporation), a company also led by individuals who have headed other education firms.


Marc Schulman was president of Saybrook University, a nonprofit institution specializing in humanistic psychology and mind-body medicine. Under his leadership, Saybrook joined TCS Education System, a “public benefit corporation" network that includes other schools offering non-APA-accredited programs, such as in transpersonal psychology. Goddard College outsourced administrative functions to CORE Education, a public benefit corporation, and Stevens Strategy, a consulting firm specializing in "strategic change" for education institutions. Schulman is on the board of Stevens Strategy. Stevens Strategy is partnered with a law firm that has been retained by TCS in some capacity according to court filings by a school noting the lawyer’s business tactics.[23]

Other companies, but associated with the same leadership, have been scrutinized by Congress, including instances where a government aide with prior lobbying ties funded consortia of for-profit, non-accredited institutions. Over time, these firms have frequently changed names. Some of these individuals now lead a new, intentionally small and strategic education division at Bertelsmann, (self-)reportedly structured to minimize regulatory exposure.[24]

One of these individuals currently serves on the board of a major education lobbying organization. The board of the referenced college outsourced many of its responsibilities to a company owned by another industry executive, whose firm partners with a well-known higher education consulting group. Private equity firms controlled by these executives were investigated by the Department of Justice in 2012. The investigation, which included interviews and financial analysis, concluded that these firms coordinated their investment strategies in ways that could violate federal antitrust laws.

[25][26]

Though the Department of Education issued potential loan relief options, and the Vermont Attorney General launched an investigation, and Senator Sanders’ office issued a statement but took no action, as Higher Ed Dive notes, "By mid-May, mixed messages and lack of clarity still abounded around whether certain Goddard programs — including its interdisciplinary master’s of fine arts and bachelor’s of fine arts in socially engaged art — would have parallel programs at a teach-out institution." The Goddard College board reportedly (according to faculty close to administration) gave Prescott College, a teach-out option that does not meet MFA students’ subject or degree requirements, with one million, and pay its administrators for another six months. Prescott shortly thereafter rolled out an MFA with no curriculum where students were expected to find their own mentors and make up their own courses. At the end of each term at Prescott, former Godard students simply had to fill in a box marked “evaluation” to attain their credentials to the approval of the Department of Education, such that federal aid could be granted to Prescott which, without the influx of Goddard students, had declining enrollment. Goddard board also represented teach out options that, when contacted, informed students no agreement had been codified (Lesley, VTSU). They also directed students to apply to a for-profit university (Frederick). https://www.highereddive.com/news/goddard-college-vermont-closure-final-days/718361/[27] After Goddard closed in April, its trustees sought to sell the 130-acre property, but two initial purchase bids fell through. The main campus in Plainfield was put up for sale and in late May was announced to be under contract at a price of $3.4 million to an undisclosed buyer.[28] A group of alumni and townspeople organized to attempt to block the sale.[29] In early July 2024 the school announced it was for sale again, with no explanation of what had happened with the previous deal.[30] On August 2, 2024, One group, the Greatwood Project, populated by long-time colleagues of the board such as Lucinda Garthwaite, attempted a $3.2 million acquisition but faced a $250,000 funding gap when an investor withdrew. Their foundation webpage had emerged a few months prior. Garthwaite previously commented in an article on cost-cutting in higher education, in regards to Goddard, while chief advancement and strategy officer of the school. The third offer, submitted by New Hampshire developer Mike Davidson, proposed a $3.4 million purchase, was set for completion by November’s end. Davidson, owner of Execusuite and Ledgeworks, has, in the past, filed numerous eviction actions, particularly against tenants in low-income housing. https://m.sevendaysvt.com/news/goddard-trustees-say-campus-has-been-sold-to-nh-developer-42014871 aims[31]

Campuses

[edit]
Goddard College Greatwood Campus
Goddard College Clockhouse
Area15 acres (6.1 ha)
Built1908 (1908)
ArchitectJames T. Kelley; Arthur Asahel Shurcliff
Architectural styleShingle Style, Tudor Revival
NRHP reference No.96000253[32]
Added to NRHPMarch 7, 1996

Main campus, Greatwood: Plainfield, Vermont

[edit]

The campus in Plainfield was founded in 1938 on the grounds of a late 19th-century model farm: The Greatwood Farm & Estate consisted of shingle-style buildings and gardens designed by Arthur Shurcliff. The Village of Learning, consisted of eleven dormitory buildings, was built adjacent to the ensemble of renovated farm buildings in 1963 to accommodate an increasing student population. The Pratt Center & Library, designed to be at the heart of a larger campus, was constructed in 1968. No other significant new construction were added after 1968.

On March 7, 1996, the Greatwood campus was recognized for its historic and architectural significance by its inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places.[33]

Fort Worden State Park, Port Townsend, Washington campus

[edit]

A U.S. Army post from 1902 to 1953,[34] much of the fort was renovated and adapted as a year-round, multi-use facility dedicated to lifelong learning. It housed several organizations which comprise Fort Worden State Park. The fort was on a bluff overlooking the Strait of Juan de Fuca and Admiralty Inlet near Port Townsend, Washington.

Columbia City, Seattle campus

[edit]
Goddard College

The MA in Education program, originally held in the Plainfield-based low-residency program, expanded in 2011 into Columbia City, a neighborhood in southeastern Seattle.

The program trained students in bilingual preschool education. Students focused on areas such as intercultural studies, dual language, early childhood, cultural arts, and community education, and created their plan of studies for each semester. The program was designed to serve students who could not leave their families and communities for the residency.

Academics

[edit]

Each Goddard student designed their own curriculum in accordance with their program's degree criteria. In addition to fulfilling academic criteria in the subjects of the arts, the humanities, mathematics, natural sciences and social sciences, undergraduate students needed to demonstrate critical thinking and writing, understanding of social and ecological contexts, positive self-development, and thoughtful action within their learning processes.

The college used a student self-directed, mentored system in which faculty issue narrative evaluations of student's progress instead of grades. The intensive low-residency model required that students come to campus every six months for approximately eight days. During this period, students engaged in a variety of activities and lectures from early morning until late in the evening, and created detailed study plans. During the semester, students studied independently, sending in "packets" to their faculty mentors every few weeks.

When low-residency education began at Goddard, packets were made up of paper documents sent via the mail. Since advances in the internet and related technology, in the 21st century most packets were sent electronically. They contained artwork, audio files, photography, video and web pages, in addition to writing. The schedule and format of these packets differed from program to program, and content varied with each student-faculty correspondence. The focus was generally on research, writing, and reflection related to each student's individualized study plan.

At regular intervals students compiled their work into "learning portfolios" to submit as part of a Progress Review before a cross-program board of faculty. The board ensured that all students' work was in compliance with the college's degree criteria. Undergraduates had to complete a yearlong Senior Study, accompanied by final graduating presentations of work, before being awarded a degree.[35]

Facilities

[edit]

Eliot D. Pratt Center and Library

[edit]

The Eliot D. Pratt Center and Library in Plainfield, Vermont, served the entire Goddard College community. It was also open to the public. Its holdings contained over 70,000 physical items. The building also housed several administrative offices, an Archives room with artifacts from the 1800s to present, an Art Gallery, and WGDR (91.1 FM), a college/community radio station serving Central Vermont since 1973.

Goddard College Community Radio (WGDR and WGDH)

[edit]

Until 2021, Goddard was home to Goddard College Community Radio, a pair of community-based, non-commercial, listener-supported educational radio stations. WGDR, 91.1 FM, is licensed to Plainfield. Its sister station, WGDH, 91.7 FM, is licensed to Hardwick, Vermont east of Burlington. Goddard College Community Radio was the largest non-commercial community radio station in Vermont. It was the only non-commercial station in the state other than the statewide Vermont Public Radio network[citation needed], which received funding from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. On May 10, 2021, Goddard donated the licenses for WGDR and sister station WGDH to the Central Vermont Community Radio Corporation.

Haybarn Theatre

[edit]

The building was a barn built in 1868 by the Martin Family and one of the largest barns in Central Vermont. The Haybarn was originally used to store hay, grain, and livestock. In 1938, when Goddard College purchased Greatwood Farm, they began the process of adapting the farm buildings into academic and student spaces. The Haybarn was renovated to provide a space for the performing arts.

For almost 75 years the Haybarn Theatre was a place where the local community and the college came together to enjoy and appreciate the arts. The Haybarn hosted educational conferences, student and community performances, and the Goddard College Concert Series. Prior to gaining widespread fame, Phish played multiple concerts there in 1986 and 1987.[36]

Notable events

[edit]

Alternative Media Conference

[edit]

In June 1970 Goddard hosted the Alternative Media Conference; it attracted more than 1,600 radio DJs and others involved in independent media from all over the United States.[37] Featured presenters included Yippie founder Jerry Rubin;[38] spiritual leader Ram Dass;[39] and Larry Yurdin[40] in addition to Danny Fields, Bob Fass, and Paul Krassner from The Realist, a magazine.

A music roster of up-and-coming bands was curated by Atlantic Records and included Dr. John and the J. Geils Band.[39] The conference embodied both the political activism and the free-love atmosphere of the time: a coalition affiliated with Panther 21, The Guardian, Newsreel, Radio Free People, Liberation News Service, Media Women, and The New York Rat put together a packet highlighting the political side of alternative media.[41]

A second Alternative Media Conference was held on campus in 2013 to commemorate the college's 150th anniversary.[42] Thom Hartmann and Ellen Ratner were featured speakers.

2014 undergraduate commencement

[edit]

In 2014, the graduating class of the college's undergraduate program selected convicted murderer and Goddard alumnus Mumia Abu-Jamal to be the commencement speaker.[43] Abu-Jamal, who had attended Goddard as an undergraduate in the 1970s, completed his Goddard degree from prison via mail while serving a sentence for the 1982 murder of Philadelphia police officer Daniel Faulkner.[44] Faulkner's widow criticized the selection of Abu-Jamal as a speaker,[45] as did U.S. Senator Pat Toomey, the Vermont Troopers Association, the Vermont Police Chiefs Association, the Fraternal Order of Police, and the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections.[43][46][47] The college's interim president, Bob Kenny, supported the right of students to pick a commencement speaker of their choice.[48] On October 5, the school released Abu-Jamal's pre-recorded commencement speech.[49][50]

Notable people associated with the college

[edit]

Alumni

[edit]

Faculty, staff and administration

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "President's Office". Retrieved August 4, 2021.
  2. ^ "About 1". Goddard College. Retrieved July 9, 2024.
  3. ^ a b Carlson, Scott (September 9, 2011). "Goddard College Takes a Highly Unconventional Path to Survival". The Chronicle of Higher Education. LVIII (3): A6. Retrieved March 12, 2013.
  4. ^ "Vermont's Goddard College to close after years of declining enrollment and financial struggles". Goddard.edu. April 10, 2024. Archived from the original on April 9, 2024. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
  5. ^ a b Huff, Mel (November 2, 2007). "Goddard Goes Global". Barre Montpelier Times Argus. Barre, VT. Archived from the original on July 2, 2018.
  6. ^ Benson, Ann Giles &, Frank Adams (1999). To Know For Real: Royce S. Pitkin and Goddard College. Adamant, Vt: Adamant Press. pp. 5–20. ISBN 978-0912362205.
  7. ^ Archer, Leonard B (January 13, 1951). "College Governed Town Meeting Style, Its Buildings a Vermont Farm". The Christian Science Monitor.
  8. ^ Carlson, Scott (September 9, 2011). "Goddard College Takes a Highly Unconventional Path to Survival". The Chronicle of Higher Education. LVIII (3): A1. Retrieved March 12, 2013.
  9. ^ Kiester, Ed (January 30, 1955). "The Most Unusual College in the U.S.". Parade Magazine.
  10. ^ Davis, Forest K. (1996). Things Were Different in Royce's Day: Royce S. Pitkin as Progressive Educator: A Perspective from Goddard College, 1950–1967. Adamant, Vermont: Adamant Press. p. 115. ISBN 978-0912362175.
  11. ^ Goddard accreditation statement Retrieved 15 February 2015
  12. ^ Blaisdell, Eric (December 11, 2019). "Goddard College optimistic while on probation". Rutland Herald. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
  13. ^ "Goddard College on Probation". NECHE. December 3, 2018. Archived from the original on December 26, 2019. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
  14. ^ "Accreditation Vote Re-Invigorates Goddard College". GODDARD. September 25, 2020. Archived from the original on July 2, 2022. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  15. ^ Moody, Josh (January 23, 2024). "Goddard College Goes Online Only". Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved January 25, 2024.
  16. ^ https://www.highereddive.com/news/goddard-college-vermont-closure-final-days/718361/
  17. ^ https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/30179419/202510319349301771/full
  18. ^ https://www.highereddive.com/news/goddard-college-vermont-closure-final-days/718361/
  19. ^ https://vermontbiz.com/news/2022/july/28/goddard-faculty-union-oppose-new-president-and-chair-own-admissions-campaign
  20. ^ https://www.sevendaysvt.com/news/oh-goddard-the-beleaguered-college-reckons-with-its-latest-president-34366026
  21. ^ https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2021/11/03/goddard-college-sends-cease-and-desist-notice-alumni
  22. ^ https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/baby-bathwater-daniel-sewell-phd
  23. ^ https://docs.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/california/cacdce/2:2010cv08026/485655/1
  24. ^ https://globalventuring.com/university/guv-vip-list-2014/
  25. ^ https://globalventuring.com/university/guv-vip-list-2014/
  26. ^ https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/university-ventures-fund-intrigue-james-mawson
  27. ^ Nietzel, Michael T. "Goddard College Is Closing". Forbes. Archived from the original on April 23, 2024. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  28. ^ Petenko, Erin (May 29, 2024). "Goddard College has inked a deal to sell its campus to an unnamed buyer". VTDigger. Retrieved August 5, 2024.
  29. ^ Brannstrom, Tracy (July 5, 2024). "Community Group Tries to Halt $3.4 Million Sale of Goddard Campus". The Montpelier Bridge. Retrieved July 8, 2024.
  30. ^ Vega de Soto, Juan (July 17, 2024). "Goddard College campus up for sale again, after deal with previous buyer collapses". VTDigger. Retrieved August 5, 2024.
  31. ^ Watson, Samantha (August 2, 2024). "Goddard College to sell campus to alumni group". Vermont Public. Retrieved August 5, 2024.
  32. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  33. ^ Hal Hutchinson (May 1995). "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form:Goddard College Greatwood Campus" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved July 29, 2015. 12 Photos (1995)
  34. ^ Fort Worden
  35. ^ Maki, Peggy L. (2012). "Appendix 5.1: Institutional Example: The Educational Context for Goddard College's Learning Portfolio and Progress Review". Assessing for Learning: Building a Sustainable Commitment Across the Institution. Stylus Publishing, LLC. pp. 198–200. ISBN 9781579224967.
  36. ^ "Haybarn Theater, Goddard College- Phish.net". phish.net.
  37. ^ Goldberg, Danny (2008). "2: Undrground Radio". Bumping Into Geniuses: My Life Inside the Rock and Roll Business. Penguin. pp. 35–44. ISBN 9781592403707.
  38. ^ Alan, Carter (2013). "Movin' On Up". Radio Free Boston: The Rise and Fall of WBCN. UPNE. ISBN 9781555537296.
  39. ^ a b Moss, Jack (July 13, 2018). "The American Guru Who Inspired Wales Bonner S/S19". AnOther. Retrieved March 14, 2019. Ram Dass (Richard Alpert) at The Alternative Media Conference, June 1970 at Goddard College in Plainfield, Vermont.
  40. ^ McMillian, John (2014). Smoking Typewriters: The Sixties Underground Press and the Rise of Alternative Media in America. Oxford University Press. p. 115. ISBN 9780199376469.
  41. ^ Roy, William G. (2010). Reds, Whites, and Blues: Social Movements, Folk Music, and Race in the United States. Princeton University Press. p. 228. ISBN 9781400835164.
  42. ^ Eliis, Kevin (April 18, 2013). "Thom Hartmann and Ellen Ratner to headline Goddard College Alternative Media Conference". vtdigger.org. Archived from the original on May 10, 2013. Retrieved March 14, 2019.
  43. ^ a b Mike Donoghue, Burlington (Vt.) Free Press (October 2, 2014). "Goddard chooses convicted cop killer for grad speaker". USA Today. Retrieved May 6, 2015.
  44. ^ Boyer, Dave. "Cop-killing ex-Black Panther to give college commencement address", The Washington Times, September 30, 2014. Accessed October 1, 2014.
  45. ^ "Critics Outraged Cop Killer Mumia Abu-Jamal Named College Speaker". ABC News. Retrieved May 6, 2015.
  46. ^ "Goddard College sparks outrage with invitation to jailed cop killer Mumia Abu-Jamal". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 6, 2015.
  47. ^ "U.S. Sen. Pat Toomey joins throng criticizing Goddard's choice of Mumia Abu-Jamal as commencement speaker". PennLive.com. October 2, 2014. Retrieved May 6, 2015.
  48. ^ Kolber, Samantha. "Mumia Abu-Jamal to Give Commencement Speech at Goddard College" Archived 2014-10-06 at the Wayback Machine, September 29, 2014. Accessed October 5, 2014.
  49. ^ Chang, David. "College Releases Mumia Abu-Jamal's Commencement Speech, Philadelphia Police Protest", NBC10, October 5, 2014.
  50. ^ Oct. 5, 2014 Goddard College Commencement Speech by Mumia Abu-Jamal. Vimeo. Retrieved May 6, 2015.
  51. ^ Briskin, Alan (1998). Stirring of Soul in the Workplace. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. p. 289. ISBN 9781609943967.
  52. ^ "HypnoSeries : Séries TV – Communautés de fans". HypnoSeries (in French). Archived from the original on October 26, 2017. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  53. ^ "Anna Lee Walters". www.hanksville.org. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  54. ^ "NEA Jazz Masters | NEA". www.arts.gov. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  55. ^ "Blakeley White-McGuire | New York Live Arts". New York Live Arts. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  56. ^ Zeman, Mary Beth (January 15, 2008). "William Paterson University" (Press release). secure.wpunj.edu. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  57. ^ "Cara Hoffman | Pen Parentis Literary Salons | Parenting Done. Write". www.penparentis.org. October 5, 2013. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  58. ^ Lee, Don (Fall 2002). Livesey, Margot (ed.). "Julie Orringer and Caroline Finkelstein, Cohen Awards". Ploughshares (88).
  59. ^ Brown, E. Philip (2017). Greeks of the Merrimack Valley. Arcadia Publishing. p. 80. ISBN 9781439661895.
  60. ^ Bernstein, Adam (October 28, 2008). "Obituaries". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  61. ^ "Conrad Herwig, Jazz Artist in Residence | MSU College of Music". College of Music. Michigan State University. May 31, 2017. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  62. ^ Wall, Alex (March 12, 2015). "Daniel Boyarin: Talmudist, feminist, anti-Zionist, only-in-Berkeley Orthodox Jew – J." Jewish Weekly of Northern California. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  63. ^ Arias, Jeremy (May 12, 2015). "Former Frederick resident, comic book writer returns to Brainstorm Comics for signing". The Frederick News-Post. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  64. ^ "Saved By The Sea by David Helvarg | Kirkus Reviews". May 11, 2010. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  65. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Carlson, Scott (September 4, 2011). "Goddard College's Unconventional Path to Survival". The Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  66. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Neal, Dale (June 30, 2016). "Over 4 decades, Warren Wilson program forges new literary voices". Citizen Times. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  67. ^ Manual of the Legislature of New Jersey (PDF). Newark, NJ: Skinder-Strauss Associates. 2004. p. 281. ISBN 978-1-57741-187-1. Retrieved October 27, 2017. Assemblyman Tucker is serving his fourth term in the Assembly. Mr. Tucker is an at-large city councilman in Newark, a position he has held since 1974. He was born in Newark on March 18, 1938, and is a graduate of the city's Central High School. He received a degree in urban planning at Goddard College in Vermont and has taken post-graduate public administration courses at Rutgers University. Assemblyman Tucker is a veteran of the U.S. Air Force, having served from 1955 to 1959. The assemblyman is a founding member of the United Brothers, the Centre, Inc., the Newark Coalition for Low Income Housing, the Newark Tenants Council, and the city's first comprehensive drug treatment program and first high school equivalency program. He is a former field secretary and vice chairman of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) of Essex County. He worked in the civil rights movement in Mississippi and Maryland during the 1960s. He is married to the former Cleopatra Gibson and has two adult children.
  68. ^ "Ed Allen | | University of Alaska Anchorage". www.uaa.alaska.edu. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  69. ^ "Elaine Terranova". poets.org. Academy of American Poets. October 25, 2000. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  70. ^ "MacArthur 'Genius' Ellen Bryant Voigt: 'Poetry Is An Intelligence'". Radio Boston. WBUR. October 12, 2015. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  71. ^ "Ellen Ratner". Fox News. June 9, 2019. Retrieved June 9, 2019.
  72. ^ "Goddard College in Vermont". Poets & Writers. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
  73. ^ The Remington Registry of Outstanding Professionals: 2009–2010. Xlibris Corporation. 2011. p. 697. ISBN 9781462863730.
  74. ^ Payne, Carla R. (2009). Information Technology and Constructivism in Higher Education: Progressive Learning Frameworks: Progressive Learning Frameworks. IGI Global. ISBN 9781605666556.
  75. ^ Academy of European Law (2013). Collected Courses of the Academy of European Law / Recueil des cours de l' Académie de droit européen: 1991 The Protection of Human Rights in Europe Vol. II. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 203. ISBN 9789401710749.
  76. ^ Noland, Claire (February 26, 2011). "Helen B. Landgarten dies at 89; pioneering art therapist". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 30, 2019.
  77. ^ Poletick, Rachel (May 4, 2011). "Toon Times: Ashman left Disney his heart". www.northbynorthwestern.com. Archived from the original on March 27, 2019. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  78. ^ Raab, Zara (May 13, 2011). "Interview with Poet Jacqueline Berger – Coal Hill Review". Coal Hill Review. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  79. ^ a b Hofmann, Hans. "James Gahagan". www.pbs.org. PBS. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  80. ^ Dwilson, Stephanie Dube (August 25, 2015). "Jane O'Meara Sanders, Bernie's Wife: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know". Heavy.com. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  81. ^ "Jared Carter". Poetry Foundation. October 27, 2017. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  82. ^ a b Lent, Michael (2015). Orbit: Stephen King. StormFront Entertainment.
  83. ^ "Jeff McCracken | New York Writers Workshop and Resources Site demo". mklennon.com. Retrieved October 19, 2017.
  84. ^ Hallenbeck, Bruce (July 26, 2017). "Summer reading, Vermont-style: New books by local authors". Burlington Free Press. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  85. ^ Heller, Jules; Heller, Nancy G. (2013). North American Women Artists of the Twentieth Century: A Biographical Dictionary. London: Routledge. p. 1773. ISBN 9781135638894.
  86. ^ a b c Tuohy, Laurel (September 15, 2004). "Gasball draws diverse acts". NewsTimes. Danbury, CT. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  87. ^ Bernstein, Scott (May 6, 2013). "Jon Fishman Performs With We're Bionic In Burlington – Glide Magazine". Glide Magazine. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  88. ^ Murray, Noel (June 14, 2016). "Jonathan Katz". The A.V. Club. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  89. ^ "The Graduate College Faculty Directory" (PDF). 1999. Retrieved October 27, 2017. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  90. ^ Ferguson, Carrie (April 16, 2000). "Reclaiming the Queen". The Tennessean p. 10-11.
  91. ^ Ruane, Michael E. (March 1, 2000). "REPUBLICAN PRIMARIES: U.S. Senate". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 4, 2017.
  92. ^ Brinkman, Kiara (2008). Up High in the Trees: A Novel. Grove/Atlantic, Inc. p. 327. ISBN 9781555846121.
  93. ^ "Kristofer M. Neely". webs.wofford.edu. Retrieved November 4, 2017.
  94. ^ Hughes, Paul (January 15, 1987). "Cartoons Sell Best in Hong Kong". The Tustin News. Tustin, California. p. 2. Feign, who would later attend UC Berkeley for two years, graduate from Goddard College, and begin graduate work at the University of Hawaii, finished high school at Hillview Continuation School in 1972 at age 16.
  95. ^ "Faculty & Staff – Brooks, Lisa – Amherst College". www.amherst.edu.
  96. ^ Kawashima, Dale. "Madeline Stone Enjoys Hit Songwriting Success in Pop, Christian, Country and R&B Genres". Songwriter's Universe Magazine. Retrieved December 25, 2009.
  97. ^ "Martin Hyatt | KQED". KQED Public Media. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
  98. ^ "Mary Johnson |". aroomofherownfoundation.org. A Room of Her Own Foundation. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
  99. ^ "Matthew Quick". www.fantasticfiction.com. Fantastic Fiction. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
  100. ^ Irwin, Shelby Z. Dr. Mayme A. Clayton: Librarian and Preservationist of Black Memorabilia. New Haven: Southern Connecticut State University. p. 2. ayton received her bachelor's degree from UC Berkeley, her master's degree from Goddard College and a doctoral degree from Sierra University.
  101. ^ "Sullivan, Mark X. mss". Lilly Library Manuscript Collections. Indiana University. Retrieved November 9, 2017. Hopkins was born in Savannah, GA and went to college at Goddard Seminary (now Goddard College) in Plainfield, VT
  102. ^ "Monica P. Mayer". The Brooklyn Museum. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
  103. ^ "Norman Dubie". Poetry Foundation. November 9, 2017. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
  104. ^ Holland, Geoffrey (February 12, 2008). "Obituary: Oliver Foot". The Guardian. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
  105. ^ McConnell, Paige (December 19, 1987). "The Art of Improvisation - Page's Thesis - Phish.net". phish.net. Phish. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
  106. ^ "Pamela Stewart | Authors | Alice James Books". Alice James Books. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
  107. ^ a b Kalish, Jon (August 24, 2013). "Bread And Puppet Marks 50 Years Of Paper Mache And Protest". Weekend Edition. National Public Radio. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  108. ^ "TQ News". TriQuarterly News. 1. Fall 1988.
  109. ^ "The Activist Issue". Clockworks (Fall/Winter 2015). November 19, 2015.
  110. ^ "Ironwood". 5 (9). Ironwood Press. 1977: 118. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  111. ^ "Plainfield Co-op". www.plainfieldcoop.com. Retrieved November 9, 2017. Local Goddard College has always attracted educated liberal types with colorful flair, including members of the band Phish, David Mamet, Piers Anthony, and abstract artist Robert M. Fisher.
  112. ^ "The Ronnie Burrage Trio Featuring Archie Shepp". Onion River Community Access Media. February 19, 2016. Retrieved October 28, 2017.
  113. ^ Ireland, Ann (October 13, 2014). "Hand in Glove: The Poetic Collaborations of Kim Maltman & Roo Borson --- Ann Ireland | Numéro Cinq". Numéro Cinq. Retrieved October 19, 2017.
  114. ^ "Russell Potter". University of Rhode Island. Retrieved November 15, 2017.
  115. ^ Smith, Steven C. (October 12, 2017). "Curriculum Vita" (PDF). George Washington University | The George Washington University. Retrieved November 15, 2017.
  116. ^ Aart, Greta. "Cerise Press › Political Awareness, Social Consciousness and Memory in Susan Tichy's Poetry". Cerise Press. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  117. ^ Layne, Joslyn. "Susie Ibarra | Biography & History | AllMusic". AllMusic. Retrieved November 15, 2017.
  118. ^ Mesrobian, Melissa Kiser (February 26, 1986). "Princeton Alumni Weekly". Princeton University. p. 50.
  119. ^ Kocher, Chris (September 17, 2014). "Asili and band dance to messages of 'Hope'". Pressconnects. Retrieved June 21, 2018.
  120. ^ Greenhouse, Steve. "Tim Costello, Trucker-Author Who Fought Globalization, Dies at 64", The New York Times, December 26, 2009. Accessed December 28, 2009.
  121. ^ Fox, Margalit (September 25, 2005). "Tobias Schneebaum, Chronicler and Dining Partner of Cannibals, Dies". The New York Times. Retrieved November 15, 2017.
  122. ^ Wertlieb, Mitch; Bodette, Melody (October 3, 2013). "Olympian Tommie Smith To Be Honored By Goddard". www.vpr.org. Retrieved March 14, 2019. Smith said he's always been fighting for education and human rights and became part of the masters program at Goddard because he could use his teaching and writing experience towards his degree.
  123. ^ Davis, David (August 2008). "Olympic Athletes Who Took a Stand". Smithsonian. Retrieved March 14, 2019.
  124. ^ Leepson, Marc. "Pilgrim's Progress: Wayne Karlin and the Vietnam War". The VVA Veteran. No. July/August 2005. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  125. ^ a b Metz, Nina (July 13, 2017). "These Chicago actors just got nominated for an Emmy". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  126. ^ White, W. L. (2007). "Conversation with William L.White". Journal Interview. 86 (9): 1365–1376. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.01796.x. PMID 17697275. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  127. ^ Benson, Ann Giles; Adams, Frank; Dixon, James P. (1999). To Know for Real: Royce S. Pitkin and Goddard College. Adamant Press. ISBN 9780912362205.
  128. ^ "Caryn Mirriam-Goldberg". Huffington Post. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  129. ^ Maxwell, Carrie (November 8, 2017). "AFC conference focuses on bisexual health – Gay Lesbian Bi Trans News Archive". Windy City Times. Retrieved March 14, 2019.
  130. ^ McCullum, April (July 21, 2017). "The unraveling of Jane Sanders' Burlington College legacy". Burlington Free Press. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  131. ^ Bruce-Briggs, B. (1979). The New Class?. Transaction Publishers. p. 63. ISBN 9781412829557.
  132. ^ "Immortality, by Lisel Mueller - Poem 173 | Poetry 180: A Poem a Day for American High Schools, Hosted by Billy Collins, U.S. Poet Laureate, 2001–2003 (Poetry and Literature, Library of Congress)". loc.gov. Library of Congress. Retrieved October 28, 2017.
  133. ^ "Marilyn Webb". She's Beautiful When She's Angry. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  134. ^ "75th Anniversary Conference Bios". www.webdelsol.com. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  135. ^ "Richard Grossinger: Biography".
  136. ^ "Thomas Shuzo Yamamoto". Times Argus. January 5, 2005. Retrieved March 14, 2019.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Goddard College.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Goddard_College&oldid=1288814404"